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The FDA’s 2025 report says its Coordinated Outbreak Response, Evaluation, and Emergency Preparedness teams evaluated 69 incidents, initiated 26 responses and issued 11 advisories. The evaluations included potential and confirmed outbreaks and certain adverse events; the figures do not mean every evaluated incident became an FDA response or public advisory.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has published a report saying its food-incident investigative teams evaluated 69 incidents in 2025, initiated 26 responses and issued 11 public health advisories. The figures describe different stages of the agency’s work: an evaluation does not automatically become a formal response or lead to a consumer advisory.
The report covers the FDA’s Coordinated Outbreak Response, Evaluation, and Emergency Preparedness teams, referred to as CORE+EP. Its Signals and Surveillance team analyzes potential and confirmed outbreaks and certain adverse events. Some incidents reviewed by that team are passed to one of four CORE Response Teams for follow-up; a response is initiated when an outbreak appears to be linked to an FDA-regulated food.
Public health advisories are intended to give consumers actionable safety information when an FDA-regulated food is linked to an outbreak. The report’s totals—69 evaluations, 26 responses and 11 advisories—are not interchangeable counts. The FDA also notes that some investigations in its accompanying table may have begun in 2024, even though an advisory was issued in 2025.
Among the investigations described were Salmonella infections linked to cucumbers, Listeria monocytogenes infections linked to prepared meals, and infant botulism linked to powdered infant formula. The report’s table also lists responses involving products including mini pastries, frozen shakes, eggs, pistachio cream, moringa powder and sprouted-bean frozen products. Listed actions included advisories, recall announcements, warning letters and import alerts, though the agency says the table is not a complete account of all related FDA activity.
How FDA Responses Can Protect Consumers
The numbers show the scale of the agency’s documented screening and response work, while the distinctions among evaluations, responses and advisories explain why not every incident produces a public warning. Evaluations can include early or incomplete signals; a formal response follows when evidence indicates an outbreak may involve an FDA-regulated food.
When investigators identify a food linked to illnesses, the FDA says it may issue a public health advisory or recommend that a company voluntarily recall implicated products. Further compliance measures can also be pursued by the agency’s Office of Compliance and Enforcement. The report lists examples such as warning letters, seizures, injunctions and import alerts. These measures can affect consumers’ access to products and companies’ ability to sell or import them, but the report does not present the incident totals as a measure of illnesses prevented.
The agency describes CORE+EP’s work as part of a broader effort to find, stop and help prevent foodborne illness outbreaks. That work includes surveillance, outbreak response, follow-up after responses and coordination with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, state and local public health agencies, and international partners.
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From CORE Network to CORE+EP
The FDA established the CORE Network in 2011. In October 2024, it expanded the operation to include an emergency preparedness team focused on food defense, traceability and supply-chain monitoring. The 2025 report therefore covers the expanded CORE+EP structure.
The report says 2025’s 69 evaluated incidents were far below the 137 incidents recorded in 2013, which it identifies as a high. Those figures are annual counts of incidents evaluated, not a direct comparison of outbreak severity, illnesses, or response effectiveness. The report does not explain the reasons for the difference between the two years.
FDA’s footnote identifies several products linked to illnesses for which no advisory was issued, including mangoes, cilantro, parsley, spring mix and sprouts. The agency says this can happen when there is not enough information to determine what is causing illnesses while a public health risk is ongoing. It says confirmed vehicles are reported on its CORE Investigation Table.
““The work conducted by CORE during and following investigations of foodborne illness outbreaks and certain adverse events culminate in actions that can drive the prevention of additional illnesses and future outbreaks.””
— FDA 2025 CORE+EP report
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What the Annual Totals Do Not Show
The report gives totals for incidents evaluated, responses initiated and advisories issued, but the supplied figures do not explain why some evaluations did not proceed to a response, or why some responses did not result in an advisory. Nor do they establish how many illnesses were prevented or provide a single measure of the public-health impact of the work.
The FDA does not discuss why the number of evaluated incidents was lower in 2025 than the 2013 high. Its footnote says a lack of sufficient information can prevent an advisory during an ongoing risk, but it does not assign that explanation to every case without an advisory. The listed incidents and actions are also not an exhaustive record, and some investigations began in 2024 or may still have ongoing activity.
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Ongoing Investigations and Follow-Up
The FDA says additional activities related to some incidents may still be underway. Its investigation table identifies confirmed vehicles and actions, while agency follow-up can include recall announcements and compliance measures. The report does not set out a timetable for closing the investigations described.
Consumers can use FDA public health advisories for specific product and safety guidance when an advisory is issued. For incidents without an advisory, the report’s explanation is that investigators may lack enough information to identify the cause; the available material does not say when further findings or updates will be released.
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Key Questions
What did the FDA report about 2025?
The report says CORE+EP evaluated 69 incidents, initiated 26 responses and issued 11 public health advisories during 2025.
Does an incident evaluation mean the FDA opened a response?
No. The Signals and Surveillance team evaluates incidents, and not all evaluations are transferred to a CORE Response Team. A response is initiated when an outbreak appears to be caused by an FDA-regulated food.
Why might the FDA not issue an advisory?
The FDA says an advisory may not be issued when investigators lack sufficient information about what is causing illnesses during an ongoing public health risk. It says confirmed vehicles are reported on its CORE Investigation Table.
Which investigations were highlighted?
The report describes investigations involving Salmonella linked to cucumbers, Listeria monocytogenes linked to prepared meals, and infant botulism linked to powdered infant formula.
Does the report explain why 2025 had fewer evaluations than 2013?
No. It notes that 137 incidents were evaluated in 2013, compared with 69 in 2025, but does not explain the difference. The counts concern evaluations and do not by themselves compare outbreak severity or response effectiveness.
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